skl 2012

http://ebookbrowse.com/skl-bahasa-inggris-sma-ma-un-2012-pdf-d348718606

the function of simple past.

The functions of simple past:

1.   Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

·      I saw a movie yesterday.

·      I didn't see a play yesterday.

·      Last year, I traveled to Japan.

·      Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.

·      Did you have dinner last night?

·      She washed her car.

·      He didn't wash his car.

2.   A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

·      I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

·      He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

·      Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

3.   Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

·      I lived in Brazil for two years.

·      Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

·      They sat at the beach all day.

·      They did not stay at the party the entire time.

·      We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

·      A: How long did you wait for them?
B: We waited for one hour.

4.   Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

·      I studied French when I was a child.

·      He played the violin.

·      He didn't play the piano.

·      Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

·      She worked at the movie theater after school.

·      They never went to school, they always skipped class.

5.   Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression "used to."

Examples:

·      She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

·      He didn't like tomatoes before.

·      Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

·      People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

exp. promise, wonder and possibility

Asking for promise:

Promise me that you will not do that again

Do you promise that you will take care of my house when I go?

Make a promise, won’t you?

I want you to promise that you’ll love me forever

Is that a promise?

Do you give your word on that?

Do you swear that you won’t forget me?

Offering promise:

I promise I’ll do whatever you want.

I promise you that I’ll do my best.

I promise to love you endlessly

It’s a promise

I give you my word on that

you have my word on it

I swear that my love is only for you.

Asking about feeling and thought:

How do you feel about that?

What are you thinking about?

You have something on your mind?

What are you looking so serious about?

Is something bothering you?

Is there anything you want to talk about?

Want to talk about it?

Are you OK?

Are you worried about something?

Expressing wonder:

I wonder at her behavior

I wonder how can he come here after what happened

I really wonder if he loves somebody older.

I’m just wondering if she knows how much I love her.

I wonder who she is.

 I was just wondering how to do it.

I don’t wonder after the treatment she had.

Asking possibility:

Is it possible to see mount Merapi from here?

What possibility is there that they are still alive?

Is there any possibility of seeing the doctor today?

Can you come to my house tonight?

Is there any chance they will meet and marry?

Will you be able to stop by the post office on the way home?

What will probably happen to the main character?

Stating possibility:

Maybe

Perhaps

Could be

It’s possible

They may be

I might meet him

There’s a good possibility

It’s very likely

There’s a big chance

There’s  a chance

blues clues

How To Avoid Cancer

Cancer is a very dangerous disease, which can affect human, animals and plans. According to the American Cancer Society, 7.6 million people died from cancer in the world during 2007. Many researchers said that the risk cancer can be minimize. On the other hand, there are some opinions that it cannot be minimized.
Research carried out by Harvard University showed one third of the seven million cancer deaths in the world could have been avoided if the victims had eaten sufficient fruit and vegetables, refrain from smoking, consumed less salt, sugar and oil, done more exercises, cut down on red meat consumption and watch their weight. Overindulgence in unhealthy habits is the key factor for cancers.
How ever some doctors say that cancer is a multi-factor disease. It’s a combination of environmental factors and family history there is no clear definition to pinpoint the exact risk factors. There is no guarantee that a person who rigidly follows good health procedure will not suffer from cancer or vice versa.
This is a very subjective issue. Therefore people who totally ignore the healthy lifestyle are advised to give up or at least reduce their unhealthy habits before it’s too late. Following a healthy lifestyle by occasionally eating less red meat deep fried food or ice cream could not hurt them. To prevent is better then to cure, so go for clinical check up regularly. Consult a doctor immediately. If cancer is detected earlier, there will be a better chance of cure.

KILLER INSECTS

Human beings always regard tigers, snakes, bears, crocodiles, sharks, and lion as Killers. However, we always forget to mention that tiny insect actually kill more people around the world that these ferocious animals. Many insects are consedered killers insect because they are able to spread deadly diseases to human beings.
There are many diseases spread by insects to humans. The most common diseases are malaria, dengue fever, encephalitis, filariasis, lyme disease, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, plague and typhus. Among the insects responsible for these diseases are mosquitoes, bugs, fleas, flies and ticks. Many of the diseases infected by insects are not actually caused by the insects themselves, but rather by organisms passed on when the insects bite and feed. In this case, the responsible diseases-causing organism is called a pathogen, and the insect responsible is known as a vector.

Crying stone

There was a young girl and her mother in small village. The girl was beautiful but very lazy .she never helped her mother to earn a living. Everyday, she dressed up and admired her own beauty in the mirror. Beside being lazy, she was also spoiled .whatever she wanted she must get. This made her mother very sad. One day, the mother asked the girl to accompany her to the market. “OK but I don’t want to walk beside you; you have to walk behind her.” the girl said. With a sad heart, her mother agreed. So the girl walk in front a mother followed behind her, carrying a basket.
The mother and daughter looked very different; the daughter looked very beautiful dress, while the mother looked very old in her pretty dress.
On the way to the market, people greeted the beautiful girl and asked who the old woman behind her was. The girl said that old woman is her servant. The mother was very sad but she kept silent.
At last, the mother couldn’t bear the pain anymore. She prayed to the god to punish her daughter, and god her answered the prayer. Slowly the girl's leg's turned into stone and third process continued to upper part of the girl's body. The girl began to be panicked
“Mother, please forgive me “She cried and cried. until it was too late dayung finally her whole body turned into stone .
Until now people can still see the tears falling down the stone. That's why that stone is called “crying stone”

TV

Is it important to know what your children are watching? Of course, yes television can expose things you have tried to protect then from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.
A study showed that spending too much time on watching during the day or bad time often causebad time disruption, stress, and short of sleep duration.
Another research found that there is a significant relation ship between the amount of time spent for watching TV durng adolesence and early adulthood, and possibility of being agresive.
Mean while, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inacative and overwight.
Considering the fact mention above, protect your children with the following tips:
1. Limit television viewnig to 1 – 2 hours each day.
2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms
3. Review the rating of TV shows thaat your children watch
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening in the show.

the LOrd of THe wAtch

miss U..but I'm gonna get the sameone

corruption never die...

JAKARTA — “A new Indonesia without corruption,” was the theme of this year’s international anti-corruption day here, a signal that completely eradicating endemic graft is still not too lofty a goal in a country that consistently ranks at the low end of Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.

Some of the country’s youth, however, are a bit more pragmatic.

“Corruption is like a cat in a sack,” said Asagi, 18, a member of the Indonesian Islamic Students Movement, or PMII. “You know it’s there but you can’t get it out.”

Asagi is a whisper of a girl, with a bright smile and unimposing manner that seems ill suited to a demonstration. The flannel-clad political science major was one of only a dozen students protesting corruption in Indonesia outside the country’s Corruption Eradication Commission on Wednesday.

Many of her companions wore green and purple smocks and shouted quixotic demands for justice into blow horns. A line of police hung on the arm of a security barrier and watched half-heartedly.

Student groups, such as the PMII, started during the politically turbulent 1960s. Later they led the charge that helped bring down the autocratic President, General Suharto, in 1998. But current protests are small and fragmented, drawing only hundreds of people rather than thousands. Though more demonstrators took to the streets Thursday to mark anti-corruption day, some say it takes handouts, such as money or food, to bring big numbers out.

But that is not a sign that the fight against corruption has waned, said Anies Baswedan, dean of Paramadina University in Jakarta.

“Never in the history of Indonesia is there as much effort to combat corruption as there is today,” he said, noting that the transition to democracy has opened the space for public discussion. Corruption exists in China and Vietnam, but it doesn’t translate into a public debate the way it does in Indonesia, Baswedan explained.

More organizations have also sprung up to tackle corruption, and many are focusing on education.

Ade Irawan is the head of monitoring and public service at Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW), an organization that focuses on training students, teachers and civil society to fight against corruption when they see it taking place in their neighborhoods. He said ICW supports teachers and parents to be active in fighting corruption because they are the ones who suffer most from the practice.

In 2007, the country’s main audit agency reported that 60 percent of Indonesian schools has misappropriated state funds devoted to improving and repairing school facilities. And ICW has accused several government-run schools in Jakarta of allegedly embezzling as much as $633 million in funds awarded by the state for operational assistance.

The country’s education minister, Muhamad Nuh, said the government planned to change the way regional educational offices receive funds to cut out red tape, which he blamed for the cash loss.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was more pointed when he spoke before an audience at a national corruption eradication conference on Dec. 1. “Fraud and abuse in the [tax] sector will significantly affect development and economic growth,” he said, also voicing concern over corruption in the National Police and Attorney General’s Office, two of the country’s most distrusted institutions.

The attorney general has been at the heart of a year-long corruption investigation involving two anti-corruption commissioners accused by a high-level businessman of soliciting bribes in return for dropping an investigation into his brother. Anti-corruption activists say the charges were trumped up in a move to undermine the power of the anti-corruption agency, which includes wiretapping without a warrant.

Since its creation in 2003 the anti-corruption agency has tried and convicted scores of high-level politicians and law enforcement officials for acts of bribery and embezzlement, including the former central bank deputy governor and father-in-law of the president’s son.

But graft watchdogs said corruption remains rampant within the country’s law enforcement agencies, and they accuse police of not going after suspects tied to powerful political circles.

They say the spectacle of corruption accusations, court trials and acquittals is evidence that vested interests still control the government. Transparency International said politicians who fight for their own interests over the interests of the state are one of the biggest challenges to combating corruption in Indonesia.

The country was given the same score as the previous year and tied with five others for 110th place on this year’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), which measures perceived levels of public-sector corruption in 178 countries.

The countries at the top of the 2010 list are Denmark, New Zealand and Singapore, a country Indonesians recognize as clean, but boring. Somalia grabbed last place, while elsewhere in Asia, Burma and Afghanistan tied for 176th place at the bottom.

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